Grower’s Reference Guide – Amaranth
Introduction
Amaranth is a powerhouse plant revered for both its edible leaves and protein-rich seeds. Growing it organically not only ensures nutrient-dense harvests but also supports soil health and biodiversity. This ancient grain is incredibly resilient, making it an ideal candidate for eco-conscious gardeners.
Fun Fact:
Amaranth was once considered a sacred crop by the Aztecs, who used it in rituals and as a staple food—its name comes from the Greek word “amarantos,” meaning “unfading.”
Scientific Information
Scientific Name: Amaranthus spp.
Key Characteristics:
A warm-season annual known for its vibrant red or green foliage, tall flower spikes, and highly nutritious seeds and leaves. It’s used as a leafy green vegetable, grain substitute, or ornamental plant.
Growth Overview
Annual or Perennial?
Annual in most climates, though some species can reseed readily.Growth Form:
Upright, bushy plant with long flower plumes or seed heads.Toxicity:
Non-toxic and safe for humans and pets. Leaves are edible when cooked (raw consumption in moderation due to oxalates).Size & Growth Rate:
Grows 3 to 8 feet tall depending on species and conditions. Fast grower; harvestable leaves in as little as 30–45 days.
Growing Conditions
Ecosystem & Climate
Amaranth thrives in warm, sunny environments. It’s drought-tolerant and well-suited for USDA Zones 3–11. Ideal for permaculture systems, food forests, and drought-prone gardens.
Soil & pH
Prefers loose, well-drained soil with moderate fertility.
pH range: 6.0–7.5.
Enrich soil with compost before planting.
Watering & Humidity
Water moderately; amaranth is drought-tolerant but performs best with regular watering.
Avoid overwatering—allow topsoil to dry slightly between waterings.
Companion Plants
Good Companions: Corn, squash, beans (Three Sisters synergy), basil, marigold.
Avoid: Fennel (can inhibit growth).
Pollination Needs
Wind and insect-pollinated. No special pollination needs but attracting pollinators can help.
Planting & Care
Propagation
Direct sow after last frost when soil is warm (above 60°F/15°C).
Sow seeds ¼ inch deep, spaced 10–12 inches apart.
Thin seedlings to 12–18 inches for leaf production, up to 2 feet for grain.
Organic Fertilizers
Apply compost or worm castings at planting.
Optional: Side-dress with compost tea or liquid seaweed monthly.
Mulching & Pruning
Mulch around base to suppress weeds and retain moisture.
Pruning not necessary but young leaves can be picked regularly to encourage bushier growth.
Common Pests & Organic Solutions
Aphids: Use neem oil spray or introduce ladybugs.
Flea beetles: Apply diatomaceous earth or use floating row covers.
Leaf miners: Remove affected leaves early.
Harvesting & Storage
When & How to Harvest
Leaves: Harvest tender young leaves as early as 30 days.
Seeds: Wait until seed heads are fully matured and start drying on the plant—about 90–120 days.
Shake or thresh seed heads and winnow to clean.
Storage & Preservation Methods
Leaves: Store fresh in the fridge for up to 5 days or blanch and freeze.
Seeds: Dry completely and store in airtight containers in a cool, dark place for 6–12 months.
Usage & Nutrition Information
Edibility & Culinary Uses
Leaves: Stir-fries, soups, curries, sautéed greens.
Seeds: Cook like quinoa or pop like popcorn; used in porridges, baking, and granola bars.
Nutritional Information
Leaves: Rich in iron, calcium, vitamins A, C, and K.
Seeds: High in protein (including lysine), fiber, magnesium, and phosphorus.
Health Benefits
Anti-inflammatory, cholesterol-lowering, supports bone and immune health, gluten-free grain alternative.
Recipes
Amaranth Leaf Stir-Fry: Sauté garlic, onions, and chopped amaranth leaves with a splash of soy sauce.
Creamy Amaranth Porridge: Simmer seeds with almond milk, cinnamon, and maple syrup.
Common Growing Issues & Troubleshooting
Problem: Leaves turn yellow and wilt.
Solution: Overwatering—reduce irrigation and improve drainage.Problem: Plants bolt early (flower too soon).
Solution: Heat stress—shade young plants or sow successively.Problem: Poor germination.
Solution: Ensure warm soil and light seed coverage.
FAQs
Q: Can I grow amaranth in containers?
A: Yes! Use at least a 12” deep container and give plenty of sun.
Q: Will amaranth reseed itself?
A: Yes. Some species are prolific self-seeders. Harvest seed heads to control spread.
Q: Are all varieties edible?
A: Most are, but ornamental types may have bitter leaves. Use varieties labeled for food.
Q: Can chickens eat amaranth?
A: Yes, both seeds and leaves (cooked) are safe and nutritious for poultry.
Resources & Further Reading
“Amaranth: Modern Prospects for an Ancient Crop” – National Research Council
The Seed Savers Exchange (seedsavers.org)
“The Whole Grains Council” – wholegrainscouncil.org
The Resilient Gardener by Carol Deppe